Process of bottling beer.



R. GULL.

PROGE$S OF BOTTLING BEER.

APPLICATION FILED APRJE, 1907.

938,577. Patented N0v.2,1909.

R. GULL.

PROCESS OF BOTTLING BEER.

APPLICATION FILED 11.15, 1907.

Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

SHEET 2.

3 SHEETS- R. GULL.

PROCESS OF BOTTLING BEER.

APPLICATION FILED APB..15, 1907.

938,577. Patented Nov. 2, 1909. I 3 SHEE'liS-SHEET 3. /==;;,E= i y- 2 M BUDOLF GULL, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

IBOCESS OF BOTTLING BEER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

Application filed April 15, 1907. Serial No. 368,379.

To all whom it may concern: T;

Be it known that I, Ruoofir GULL, a citizen of Switzerland, residing in the city of St. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-s in the Process of Bottling Beer, of

which the followin is a full, clear, and exact description, re erence being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and which are presented for the purpose of elucidating my improved process.

ess of bottling beer, the object being to reduce to a minimum the loss, during the bottling process, of the carbonic acid gas contained in the beer.

In the operation of modern beer bottling machines the beer is introduced into a closed tank. rom this tank it passes through a series of spouts into the bottles. The arrangement is such that the bottles are moved vertically with relation to the tank before the filling commences. The movement of the bottles first effects an air tight connection between them and the filling spouts and then opens the valves of the spouts, permitting the beer to flow from the tank into the bottles and permitting also the passage of air from the tank, above the beer, to the bottles, so as to have the same air pressure in both tank and bottles at or before the time the valves are opened, thus permitting the beer to flow by gravity from the tank into the bot-tlesthe height of the beer column above the end of the filling spout, the width of the filling spout and the size of the air vent through which the air escapes from the,

bottles when the beer enters regulating the flow of the beer into the bottles.

Beer is a liquid saturated with carbonic acid gas at a pressure of from four to ten pounds, and at a temperature of from 0 to 2 Raumur, and is very sensitive to an increase in temperature or a decrease in pressure. In either case the beer normally cannot keep the same amount of carbonic acid gas in solution and the slightest friction will result in a loss of carbonic acid gas. Even if the pressure and temperature are maintained during the bottling manipulation still the beer is very sensitive and a loss of carbonic acid gas during the bottling process, generally indicated by the foaming of the beer, is one of the foremost troubles of the bottler.

If water or oil was to be bottled with one of the machines such as I have briefly described either would flow quietly" into the bottles while with beer the foaming action occurs. Having these difliculties in mind and knowing the importance of maintaining the quality of the beer by retaining as nearly as possible every particle of carbonic acid gas, I have sought to improve the process by maintaining a higher pressure in the bottles than in the beer supply tank, this difference 111 air pressure being slightly less than the v I combined air pressure in the tank and the My 1nvent1on relates to an improved procweight of the column of beer from-the tank to the lower end of the beer spouts. Therefore, in carrying out my invention the beer, as usual, enters a closed tank in which is kept a certain pressure (generally two to five pounds) but' instead of establishing a direct air connection between the interior of the bottles and the air chamber in the tank above the bodyof beer, which would equalize the air pressure in the tank and bottles, I provide in'the bottles an air pressure which is higher than the pressure on the beer but not quite as high as the combined pressure of the air on the beer and the weight of the beer at the lower end of the beer spout adjacent to the bottom of the bottle, and thus, when the beer spout is opened, the beer cannothrun faster through the spout than the difference in pressure and the size of the beer spout permits of. By using this difference in pressure I obtained a slowflow of the beer through a wide tube "and reduce the friction in the beer spout to such an extent as to practically remove all tendency for the beer to foam. As the beer in the bottle rises above the end of the filling spout, the weight of the liquid column in the spout above the level of the liquid in the bottle reaches the point where the height of the liquid in the spout above the level of the liquid in the bottle is equal in pressure to the surplus of air pressure in the bottle over the air pressure on the liquid in the tank, at which moment the flow of the liquid into the bottle will come to a stop. As the level of the beer in'the tank is supposed to be kept at a practically uniform height, it depends, therefore, entirely on the regulation of the air pressure within the bottle, when the flow of the beer into the bottle will come to a sto To accomplish the desired regulation 0 the gaseous pressure within the bottle, I use a ody of liquid to balance the supply of air to the bottles and by keeping this body of liquid in the tank it is the height of.this body of liquid presin'g on the air so ply to the bottles which determines the di erenceinplfessure between the gaseous pressure in the bottles and. theigaseouspresure on the beer in the tank. By varying the height of this liquid column, the gaseous pressure within the bottle can be changed whilethe r enters the bottle, and a very uniform ow of the beer can thus be obtained. n For the urppse of elucidating m" process I present rawlngs of a machine w 1011 may be utilized in carryin my process into efiect, it being understood, owever, that I donot wish to be limited in this patent to any particular form of machine.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure I is. a vertical section, parts being shown in elevation. Fig. II .is a top or lan view. Fi III is an enlar (1 section ta en on line II III, Fig. I. Fig. IV is an enlarged top view of theca or cover of the combined liquid and air tan Fig. V is an enlarged detall viewof the'cover of the combined liquid and air tank, showin also arts of the air'tubes or cylinders their hea er and the air pipes. Figs. VI and VII are vertical sections of the vbottle filling slriouts and their associated arts.- Fig. V I is a side view of same.

IX is an enlarged section taken on line I -IX, Fig. VI.

Referring to the drawin 1 represents a suitable stand upon whic is mounted a revolving head or spider 2 that carries the bottle stands or sup rts 3' and the bottle l-ifts 4. The stand a so supports-the bottle receiving table 5'. Within the stem of the stand is a hollow revolving shaft 6 with which the arms 2 have direct connection and to this shaft is also secured a frame or spider 7 that sup 'orts the closed annular beer tank 8 and ikewise carries the beer spouts 9. The shaft also carries the beer supply pipe or tube 10 with its branches '11. As il ustrated in Fig. I of the drawings, there is a freeassa e for the beer throu h the pipe 10 and its ranches 11 so that t e tank 8 may be kept constantly supplied with beer during the bottling operation of the machine, and thus the'tank'8 at all'times during the bottling operation may contain the same, or ap roxima'tely the same, amount of beer, and t e beer level, therefore, may be constant, or substantiallyv so.

The above parts with their mode of operation are to be found in a well known form of beer bottling machine now on the market so that they require no detail description.

I will now proceed todescribe the part. of

the machine shownin the annexed drawings' which relate more particularly to the novel features of my improved process.

against which itis, held by a 3? under it; at. smears a a. Bee." mastery aiother substance and preferably fills the tank. about twothirds or threefourths of ts height, abovewhich is the ail space The air s ace portion of the tank communicates wit the air space of the beer tank through one or more short lpes 21: I have shown four of these opipes jeet not use too many pipes or pipes that are too large considering the space available for the purpose. 0

22 represents an air pipe that extends through the top of the tank 20 and comma nicates with ahead 23 located close against the .inner face of the to of the tank, sprig 23, as shown clearly in Fig. I. The ta- 20 reremains stationa I the latter bein eld by a brace 22'. top of the tan shown in Fig. I, and the lower end of the has an elongated hub, as

volves with the tank 8 while the head 23 f as does also the pipefii, l

pipe 22 acts'as a Journal for this hub. The Y ead 23 is provi ed, see Fig. III, withair ducts or passages 24, 25 and 26. Depending from the head and communicating with the duct 24 is a long tube or cylinder 27 that extends nearly to the bottom of the tank 20.

28 is a somewhat shorter tube or cylinder depending from the head 23 and which communicates with the duct or passage 25, and

29 represents a still shortertube or cylinder depending from the head and communicating with the'duct or assage 26. The lower ends of all three of vided with numerous perforations for the free passage of the liquid from the tank to these tubes are pro the interior of the tubes. The tubes 27, 28,

and 29 being filled with air to the point where they are perforated beneath the Sllface of the liquid in the tank 20 in which the said tubes are partiallyimmersed, form. each with its respective air duct 24, 25, and

26, separate air reservoirs in which the air pressure is balanced by the body of liquid 1n the tank 20.

As seen by dotted lines in Fi In and bv full lines to the left of Fig. V, the partitions between the ducts-24 and 25 and between 25 and 26 are provided with holes 30 for the passage of air from one duct to another and the hole between the duct 25 and the duct 26 is made smaller than the other hole so as to offer more resistance to the passage of the air. The wall or partition 31 between the adjacent ends of the ducts 24 and 26 is not perforated.

32 represents a passage in the head 23 leadmp7? a bers 34 of the first ten (starting from the loading point) of the filling spouts of the machine. Instead of having a pipe for each filling spout I have shown ut five and each ipe connects with two of the filling spouts y means of-a branch 35 as shown in Fig. IX. Of course, there could be a separate pipe 33 for each one of the spouts but comphc ation and material is saved by the use of 10 these branches. The air chamber of thefillin spouts is an old feature in itself. Hereto ore, however, this chamber has had communication, through means of a riser, with the air space in the upper part of the beer tank 8, (see U. S. atent No. 768,963,

August 30, 1904), whereas, with my arrangement, the air passes to the bottles only by way of the head 23 of the air and liquid tank so as to be under the direct effect of the weight of the liquid in the tank.

- By connecting the ducts 24, and 26 together by the passages there is required but one communicatlon 32 between the pipe 22 and one of the ducts (in this case duct 24) 25 and by making the passage between the ducts 25 and 26 smaller than the passa e between the ducts 24 and 25, the same e ect is produced (which is desirable in the operation of the machine) as there would be if a smaller 30 pipe were used between the pipe 22 and the duct 26 than between the pipe 22 and the duct-25. The same result could be accomplished b using three separate communications 32 etween the pipe 22 and .the three 35 ducts 24, 25 and 26, but it is simpler and easier to accomplish the result by having but a single passage-way 32 and use the described passages 30 between the ducts.

36 represents pipes forming communica tions between the duct 25 and the next four of the filling spouts to those supplied from the pipes 33. There are two of these pipes but by virtue of the use of the branches referred to they supply air to the air chambers of four of the spouts.

37 represents pipes forming communications between the duct 26 and the air chambers of the remaining filling spouts of the machine.

While I have shown and prefer to use a certain arrangement of the air pipes and a certain number for forming communication between the different ducts and the different air chambers of the filling spouts,

yet this might be varied as for instance, the duct 24 might supply a' lesser or a greater number of filling spouts than I have shown and described and this may be true also of the other ducts. The object,

however, should be to have the air pressure in the bottles subjected to the different liquid weights of the differenttubes of the liquid tank at as near the proper time as possible to secure regularity in action in the filling of the bottles. Inasmuch as the head 23,

with the air supply pipe 22 and the cylinders 27, 28 and 29 are kept stationary, whilethe other parts rotate, each of the pipes 33, 36 and 37 comes successively into open communication with the air ducts 24, 25 and 26, to which the cylinders 27, 28 and 29 are respectively connected, as stated.

The dotted lines within the tubes 27, 28 and 29, at the liquid line, are intended to represent floating ball valves designed to close the tops of the tubes 27, 28 and 29 (should the pressure of air in the tanks 8 and 20 ever exceed the pressure in the pipe 22) before the liquid in the tubes (due to this back pressure) reaches the ducts 24, 25 and 26, so as to avoid all possibility of any, of the liquid ever reaching the bottles. It is, of course, apparent that the same result would be attained if, instead of having the tubes 27 28 and 29 of different lengths with the perforations at the bottom, they were all of the same length with the perforations made at different elevations-that is, with the perforations of the tube 27 at the bottom, the perforations of the tube 28 higher up and the perforations of the tube 29 still higher up. In this case the liquid in the tubes 28 and 29 beneath the perforations would be simply so much dead matter. It is also apparent that the machine could be .95 operated without any compressed air in the tanks 8 and 20. In this case the tanks will be left open at the top and the liquid weight would act only to govern the flow of beer against its gravity or weight.

The operation is as follows: Before the machine is started up suflicient air is introduced through the pipe 22. to fill the cylinders or tubes 27, 28 and 29 with the desired air pressure for the operation of the machine. 1 The air completely fills the tubes and, escaping from the lower ends thereof, passes up through the liquid and enters the air spaces in the upper parts of the tanks 8 and 20. When the desirw pressure (about four pounds) is attained in the upper portions of the tanks (which can be ascertained by a suitable gage placed on one of the tanks, as shown in Fig. I) the air valve in the pipe 22 is closed down sufiiciently to maintain just the desired constant pressure. It should be turned down to a point where but a very small quantity of air will escape through the perforations in the lower ends of the tubes in the liquid tank and owing to the fact that the ducts 24, 25 and 26 communicate with each other, through the passages 30, there will be slight escape of this air through all of the tubes at all times while the machine is in operation. While there is a uniform air 125 pressure in the upper parts of the tanks 8 and 20 yet there will be more pressure in he supply pipe 22 and in the tubes 27 28 and 29 and also in the pipes 33, 36 and 37,

than there is in the upper parts of the tanks,

this being due to the weight of the liquid in the tank 20 which acts. upon the air in the tubes, and this difference in pressure, due to the liquid wei ht, varies according to the len th of the tu es, the liquid weight of the tu 27 being greater than that of the tube 28 and the latter being greater than that of the tube 29. Back pressure of gas from the bottles passes through the supply pipes into the ducts 24, 25 and 26 and thence down through the tubes into the liquid from whence it passes up through the liquid in the tank 20, and any excess of air pressure that is formed in the upper part of the tank 8 above the beer will pass out through a suitable vent cock, such as is shown on the right hand side of Fig. I of the drawings. The machine being set in operation, the air pressure in the tubes is transmitted, through the described connection, and independent of the flow of the beer to the beer bottles as soon as the bottles are brought to filling position in the regular operation of the machine, and the beer starts to flow against this air pressure which isonly slightly less than the pressure of the beer at the end of the filling spouts, which guarantees a quiet start of the beer into the bottles. The flow of the beer would come to a stop, however,

I ,the tube 27, which former tube is subject to a lesser weight of liquid. Moving further the bottles are subjected to theair pressure in the duct 26, which, in turn, is

slightly less than the air pressure in the duct 25, due to the fact that the air in the tube 29 is subjected to a somewhat less liquid weight than the air in the tube 28 and thus the equalization of air pressure in the bottles at predetermined intervals is maintained indrawn from the filling s dependent of the flow of the beer until the bottles are filled and the flow of beer to the bottles will cease, if the machine is in perfect order, when the bottles become filled no matter if the bottles have not been withuts because the pressure in the bottles wil' have become balanced with the beer pressure at the mouth of the bottle. 7

I claim:

1. The improvement in'the method of bottling beer consisting in maintaining in the bottles while they are being filled with beer, and independent of the flow of the beer, a higher gaseous pressure than on the surface of the sup ly or column of beer with which the bott es are filled, and changing such hi her pressure at predetermined intervals uring the time the beer is entering the bottles, substantially as set forth.

2. The improvement in the method of bottling beer consisting in maintaining successively in the bottles while they are being filled with beer two or more distinctly di ferent gaseous pressures each one of which is successively maintained in a substantially constant proportion to the gaseous pressure on the column of beer, substantially as set forth.

3. The improvement in the method of bottling beer, consisting in maintaining in the bottles while they are being filled a higher gaseous pressure than that on the column of beer from which the bottles are filled, and in maintaining such higher gaseous pressure within the bottles at such a' proportion to the gaseous pressure on the column of beer that the surplus of pressure in' the bottle over the gaseous pressure on the column of beer balances the weight of the column of beer above the level of beer in the bottle as soon as the beer in the bottle reaches a predetermined level.

' RUDOLF GULL.

In presence of LILY Ros'r, BLaNcHE HOGAN. 

